Hauling bubbling hot sulphur on their backs while scaling steep ravines, these are the hellish conditions facing Indonesia’s volcano miners.
Night time snaps show dazzling blue flames streaming down the cliff-face of the active Kawah Ijen crater, on Java island, home to the world’s most acidic lake.
Photographer Kurniawan Mas’ud, 33, visited the moonlike landscape to document the plight of miners risking their lives for as little as $AUD18.00 a day.
Most workers use nothing but a rag in their mouths to protect themselves from the noxious billowing fumes, while risking sheer drops into a sea of turquoise acid.